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MembershipCOMPANyMEMBERSAprimaryroleoftheADAAistobringtogetherproducersandmarketersofcoalcombustionproductsCCPs.OuractivitiescoverresearchanddevelopmentintoCCPusageadvocacyandtechnicalassistancetoCCPproducersandusersaswellasaforumfortheexchangeandpublicationofCCPinformation.FormoreinformationontheAssociationvisitusatwww.adaa.asn.auRELATEDASSOCIATIONSUnitedKingdomQualityAshAssociationUKQAAAmericanCoalAshAssociationCSIROAssociationofCanadianIndustriesRecyclingCoalAshCIRCAAshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAEuropeanCoalCombustionProductsAssociationECOBAEngineeringInstituteIACEEMPEIJapanCoalEnergyCenterInformationalAnalyticalCenterx1cEcologyofPowerEngineeringx1dofMoscowPowerNationalCoalAshBoardIsraelSouthAfricanCoalAshAssociationSACAAAdelaideBrightonLimitedAlintaEnergyGroupLtdBoralCementLimitedDeltaElectricityEraringEnergyFlyashAustraliaPtyLtdGoldenBayCementNewZealandHolcimPtyLtdHyrockPtyLtdIntergenMillmerranInternationalPowerKellerMineFillJVLLISIndustrialPty.LtdLoyYangPowerNRGGladstonePowerStationNucrushPtyLtdPozzolanicEnterprisesPtyLtdRioTintoRoadsandMaritimeServicesStanwellCorporationTRUenergyVecorAustraliaVerveEnergyWestonMatrix02ADAANOV11throughthebedusingtheenergyinthecontainedcarbon.AttheendofthestrandFnalformedaggregatesareavailablefordownstreamstorage.Cementorlimebasedproducts.WiththisprocesscementorlimeismixedwiththeGyashusuallyintherange5to10byweightdependingonthestrengthcharacteristicsoftheFnalproduct.Thematerialisthenpelletizedtothedesiredsize.Theresultinggreenpelletsmustbehandledwithcareforcuringeitherinnaturalconditionsforupto28daysorbyatemperatureacceleratedprocess.Thecostofcementorlimehasmadethisprocesslessattractive.Chemicalorgeopolymers.Thisprocessissimilartocementorlimebutsubstitutingtheappropriatechemicalsasabinder.Againhandlingandcuringofthegreenpelletsisadownside.MarketsforFlx1fAshAggregatesFlyashaggregatesfromanyoftheprocessescanbeexpectedtohavelowerunitweightscomparedwithnaturalaggregates.Thiscanresultinreducingtypicalconcretedensitiesfrom2300kgcumetreto1750kgcumetre.ThishasmajorbeneFtsfortheconstructionindustrywithstructureshavingsmallercolumnsizes.Thisenablesincreasedlettableareasandhencebuildingvalue.ForthesereasonsmajorstructuressuchastheMLCCentreandAustraliaSquareinSydneyandNauruHouseinMelbournearebuiltusinglightweightaggregates.ThepropertiesofconcretemadewithGyashaggregatesaregenerallyenhanced.WatercontentcanbereducedandASRproblemsarenon-existent.IntheUKsinteredprocessGyashaggregatesarespeciFedforroadbridgedecksandhavebeenusedinmanyprestigiousstructuresincludingthecantileveredgrandstandroofatTwickenhamandmorerecentlythenewWimbledontenniscentre.TherearemanyotherusesforGyashaggregatesingeneralconstructionFltermediaandagricultureSummarx1fThereisanaturalsynergybetweentheconstructionandcoalFredpowerstationindustriesintheutilisationofGyash.SourcesofnaturalaggregatesareincreasinglyhardertoFndinproximitytomarkets.ThewindingdownofthemajorPenrithLakesaggregaterecoveryschemeisanexample.ThecostofquarryingisalsoincreasingwithextensiveexpensivelandacquisitionforbufferzonesrequiredaroundnewquarrysitesfurthermorepowerstationsarebecomingunderincreasingenvironmentalpressuretoFndsustainablereuseapplications.ManufactureofGyashaggregateswouldbeapositiveforthex1cgreenstarx1dbuildingschemethatencouragestheuseofrecycledmaterials.Aplantorplantsofcapacityof250000to500000tpaistypicalofoverseasplantsandifconstructedwouldsubstantiallyincreasethecurrentutilisationofAustraliax19sGyash.