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1.INTRODUCTIONTheuseofstabilisedmaterialsinroadconstructionandmaintenancex0hasx0gainedx0considerablex0acceptancex0asx0ax0resultx0ofx0Scarcityx0ofx0highx0qualityx0quarryx0materialsx0Thex0abilityx0tox0successfullyx0recyclex0pavementsx0insitux0gainingx0economicx0andx0environmentalx0bene7tsx0Thex0developmentx0ofx0ax0widex0rangex0ofx0bindersx0Thex0developmentx0ofx0pavementx0andx0materialsx0designx0protocolsSomex0workx0onx0thex0usex0ofx08yx0ashx0inx0modi7edx0andx0boundx0roadx0constructionx0materialsx0isx0availablex0includingx0descriptionsx0ofx0applications.1x0Stabilisedx0materialsx0canx0bex0classi7edx0inx0onex0ofx0threeways1.Mechanicallystabilisedmaterialswhereinertmaterialsareaddedx0tox0improvex0thex0gradingx0ofx0unboundx0materials2.Modi7edx0materialsx0wherex0smallx0amountsx0ofx0binderx0arex0addedx0tounboundmaterialstoimprovematerialcharacteristicswhilex0maintainingx0thex0materialsx19x0unboundx0performancex0characteristics3.Boundx0stabilisedx0materialsx0wherex0suf7cientx0binderx0isx0addedx0tox0signi7cantlyx0increasex0thex0tensilex0strengthx0ofx0thex0material3Coalx0combustionx0productsx0CCPsx0coverx0ax0rangex0ofx0materialsx0andx0arex0usedx0inx0allx0ofx0thex0situationsx0describedx0above.x0CCPsx0canx0bex0broadlyx0classi7edx0asx0followsx0Furnacex0Bottomx0Ashx0FBAx0Flyx0Ashx0FAx0conformingx0tox0ASx03582.1x0Finex0Mediumx0orx0Coarsex0grades3andx0Flyx0Ashx0notx0conformingx0tox0ASx03582.1x0oftenx0termedx0Runx0ofx0Stationx0ashx0orx0ROSx0ashCCPsx0ful7lx0ax0keyx0rolex0inx0binderx0designx0asx0ax0slow-settingx0binderx0improvingx0x0binderx0characteristicsx0andx0reducingx0costs.x02.PAVEMENTMATERIALSStabilisedx0pavementx0materialsx0canx0bex0classi7edx0asx0Plantmixedstabilisedmaterialsx0Insitustabilisedmaterialsx0Subx0gradex0stabilisedx0materialsFurtherinformationontheuseofthesetypesofmaterialsinarangex0ofx0pavementx0typesx0asx0wellx0asx0binderx0typesx0suggestedx0forx0variousapplicationsareprovidedinAustroads2012.23.PAVEMENTDESIGNTHEROLEOFSTABILISATIONPavementx0materialsx0includex0ax0combinationx0ofx0coarsex0andx07nex0aggregatesx0withx0ax0proportionx0ofx0smallerx0claysiltx0sizedx0particles.x0Thex0objectivex0isx0tox0ensurex0ax07nalx0gradingx0matrixx0thatx0willx0allowx0maximumcompactionoftheproductwiththeleastvoidspresent.Thisistoachieveasolidlayerthatisinpartimpervioustowaterin7ltration.x0x0Pavementx0materialsx0canx0bex0usedx0inx0differentx0layersx0ofthepavementandtherequirementsofsuchlayerswillbedeterminedbyappliedloadandpavementcompositionselectedbyx0thex0designer.x0Typicalx0pavementx0con7gurationsx0forx0pavementsx0incorporatingx0stabilisedx0materialsx0arex0illustratedx0inx0Figurex01.Thex0designx0ofx0pavementsx0withx0stabilisedx0layersx0isx0coveredx0inx0detailx0inx0thex0Austroadsx0Guidex0forx0Pavementx0Structuralx0Design.2Forx0pavementsx0containingx0mechanicallyx0stabilisedx0materialsx0andorx0modi7edx0materialsx0thex0limitingx0designx0criterionx0isx0thex0verticalx0strainx0atx0thex0topx0ofx0thex0subx0grade.x0x0Forx0stabilisedx0andx0higherx0binderx0contentx0materialsx0thex0verticalx0strainx0atx0thex0topx0ofx0thex0subx0gradex0isx0notx0thex0onlyx0designx0criterionx0asx0thex0fatiguex0lifex0ofx0thex0cementedx0materialx0mustx0alsox0bex0considered.x0Thex0fatiguex0lifex0ofx0thex0cementedx0materialx0isx0usuallyx0thex0governingx0criterion.Highx0performancex0quarriedx0materialsx0willx0likelyx0bex0obtainedx0fromx0thenearestpossiblesourceinordertominimisetransportcosts.Oftenx0howeverx0importedx0materialx0mayx0notx0bex0suf7cientlyx0strongx0tox0satisfyx0thex0pavementx0designx0requirements.x0Inx0suchx0casesx0thex0solutionx0isx0foundx0inx0thex0designx0ofx0eitherx0strongerx0pavementx0layersx0orareductioninthestressrequirementforthelayer.Oneofthex0mostx0costx0effectivex0waysx0tox0makex0thex0pavementx0strongerx0isx0tox0modifyx0orx0stabilisex0thex0pavementx0material.x0Asx0anx0alternativex0itx0isx0possiblex0tox0reducex0thex0stressx0requirementx0byx0stiffeningx0thex0foundation.x0Againx0thisx0canx0bex0donex0byx0eitherx0modifyingx0orx0stabilisingx0thex0foundation.FlyAshReferenceDataSheetNO.1320121Thinbituminoussurx10acingFulldepthgranularormodifedstabalisedlayerThinbituminoussurx10acingGranularbasecoursePlantmixedsubbaseThinbituminoussurx10acingcrackpreventionrequiredFulldepthboundstabalisedlayerThinbituminoussurx10acingcrackpreventionrequiredFulldepthboundstabalisedlayerThinbituminoussurx10acingModifedlayeronexistingpavementasinlayoroverlayExistingpavementThickconcreteorasphaltlayersPlantmixboundsubbaseThickconcereteorasphaltlayersInsituboundsubbaseThickconcereteorasphaltlayersInsituboundsubbasei.ii.iii.Fig.1x0x0x0Typicalx0Pavementx0Con7gurationsx0Incorporatingx0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0Stabilisedx0Materialsx0Adaptedx0fromx02InsituRecycledPavementsNewSatbilisedPavementsSubgradeStabilisation