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10ADAADECEMBER2014InMay2014theIsraelNationalCoalAshBoardNCABhostedrepresentativesfromAustraliaGreeceSouthAfricaIndiaTheNetherlandsandtheUnitedStatesofAmericatodiscusstheuseofcoalcombustionproductsCCPsinagriculture.TheworkshopprogramprovidedanopportunitytoreviewandexpandonthecurrentusesforCCPsinagriculture.AustraliawasrepresentedthroughtheAshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAbyDr.JaneT.AikentoincorporateourAustralianexperiencewithinaninternationalcontext.ThecurrentIsraelpositionisanexcellentexampleofcommercialriskfromthesupplysideofCCPproduction.InEuropeandIsraelthecoalisimportedintothepowerstationdirectlyfromashippingterminal.Inthesecasesthelackoflongtermstorageforcoalashatthepowerstationsiteisacriticaltransferpointthatcanleadtoproblemsofcoalashover-supplyorunder-supplyoperatingwithshorttermstoragefacilities.ForIsraeltheircurrentlevelofashuseisthroughtheconstructionsectorconsuming98ofcurrentproductionwiththeconstructionindustrytypicallylinkedtothenancialsector.Thelongtermuncertaintyofthisstrategyisthattheconstructionindustrymightcontinuetoutilisethecurrentvolumesofcoalash.Toensurestabilityintheeventoflowdemandinconstructiontheoptiondiscussedthroughouttheworkshopproceedingswastheuseofyashasacarriertoimprovethemixingpropertiesofamunicipalbio-solidsfertiliserappliedtofoddercropsofwheatandcorn.AustraliascommitmenttoCCPuseinagricultureremainsintheresearchrealmandfeasibilityprojects.SouthAfricausetheirCCPsviadirectincorporationintohighlyacidicsoilsasanintegralpartofopencutcoalmine-sitelandscaperehabilitationreturningminedlandsbacktoagriculturalcapability.IndiaisthenationwithprolicuseofCCPyashesforagricultureinattemptingtosolvetheir230Mtannualproductionvolumeswithuseat775sitesthroughoutthecountryachieved.ForGreecetheirmatchofalkalinesoilsandalkalineashesprecludesacommercialoptionforagriculturewithCCPuseprimarilybytheconstructionsector.InAmericatheagriculturalmarketforCCPsisdirectlyassociatedwiththemaincoalashby-productofuegasdesulfurizationFGDgypsumbeingtheonlyoptionforagricultureandwithlimitedapprovalforgeneralusetolandandagriculture.AdditionallytheNetherlandsalsousetheircoalashforconstruction.ForIsraeltheperceptionisthatuseofthecoalyashmaterialforfoodproductionisstillahigh-riskundertakingduetothewiderangeofdifferentchemicalpropertiesandcompositionsthatcoalashesmaypossesswhichcreatesuncertainty.Consequentlytheworkshopalsofocussedonamethodologytoassessmaterialsuitabilityandperformance.ThisspecicallycovereddiscussionaboutthetraditionalleachingtestingcalledtheToxicityCharacteristicLeachingProcedureTCLPmethodandvalidityofdeterminationsonthebasisoftotalelementalconcentration.ThealternativetothisisapHdependentmethodofgeochemicalspeciationmodellingtoassessphyto-availabilitycalledtheLeachingEnvironmentalAssessmentFrameworkLEAFwithdirectassessmentforthebio-solidsfertiliserapplications.UsedinconjunctionwithagronomicanalysesadoptingtheLEAFwillbenetAustralianinterests.ForadditionalinformationandlinkstothepaperspresentedattheworkshopaccessproceedingsthroughthefollowinglinkProfessionalMaterialsProgramandPresentationsuploadedtoNationalCoalAshBoardswebsitehttpcoal-ash.co.ilwordpresspage_id1141InternationalWorkshoponAgriculturalCoalAshUsesWACAUCONFERENCEREPORT