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CONCLUSIONSFlyashcanbecrucialtoachievingsustainableconcrete.FlyashwhenusedappropriatelycanreducecostscementcontentsandassociatedembodiedCO2emissionsplacinglessdemandontheuseofnaturalresourceswhenusedinconcrete.Itsinclusioninconcretecanalsoincreasestructureservicelifeandreducemaintenanceofconcretestructures.TheseattributesareacknowledgedbytheGBCAusingtheGreenStarratingtoolwhere7yashbecomesakeystrategytoreducePortlandcementlevelsinconcretebyade6ned30for1pointand40for2pointsundertheconcretematerialscredit.Whilethereisalreadyawarenessastothebene6tsthat7yashcanprovideinthequestforsustainableconcretegiventhevolumesof7yashbeingproducedandtechnologicaladvancesintheconcreteindustrymuchpotentialremainstofurtherexploititsadvantages.Thechallengetoachieveasustainableconcretefuturewillhoweverrequireaparadigmshiftbydesignersandbuildersfromanacceleratedconstructionscheduleapproachtoafocusonincreasingdurabilityservicelifeandembodiedenergythroughtheconservationofournaturalresourcesusingby-productswhereappropriate.REFERENCES1.PlankRx1cSustainabilityIssuesforReinforcedConcreteConstructionx1dConcrete2007ProceedingsConcreteInstituteofAustralia23rdBiennialConferenceISBN090937578X2007.2.AndersonJ.E.andSilmanRx1cTheRoleoftheStructuralEngineerinGreenBuildingTheStructuralEngineerVol.87No.3February2009.3.TheConcreteCentrex1cSustainableConcretex1dTheEnvironmentalSocialandEconomicSustainabilityCredentialsofConcreteReportReferenceTCC0503ISBN1-904818-43-9Availablefromhttpwww.concretecentre.com2007.4.GreenBuildingCouncilofAustraliax1cGreenStarRatingToolx1dAvailablefromhttpwww.gbca.org.au2011.5.BawejaD.andNelsonP.x1cSupplementaryCementingMaterialsTheirAcceptanceinAustralianSpeci6cationsx1dSixthCANMETACIInternationalConferenceonFlyAshSilicaFumeSlagandNaturalPozzolansinConcreteACISP178-27BangkokThailandJune1998pp.475-492.6.ConcreteInstituteofAustraliax1cFlyAshandItsUseinConcretex1dCurrentPracticeNoteNo.25ISBN0909375615November20038p.7.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAx1cAustralianExperiencewithFlyAshinConcreteApplicationsandOpportunitiesx1dFlyAshTechnicalNoteNo.8Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.autechnicalnotes.htmNovember20094p.8.StandardsAustraliaAustralianStandardAS3582.1x1cSupplementaryCementitiousMaterialsforUseWithPortlandandBlendedCementx13Part1FlyAshx1dISBN0733716881StandardsAustraliaInternational1998.9.StandardsAustraliaAustralianStandardAS3972x1cGeneralPurposeandBlendedCementsx1dISBN9780733796982StandardsAustraliaInternational2010.10.MalhotraV.M.x1cMakingConcreteGreenerwithFlyAshx1dConcreteInternationalVol.21No.5May1999.11.BrundtlandCommission1987.UNWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopmentUnitedNationsp.318.12.CementConcreteandAggregatesAustraliax1cSustainableConcreteBuildingsx1dConcretex13TheResponsibleChoiceBrie6ngISSN1447-199XAvailablefromhttpwww.ccaa.com.auApril2010.13.CementConcreteandAggregatesAustraliax1cSustainableConcreteMaterialsx1dConcretex13TheResponsibleChoiceBrie6ngISSN1447-199XAvailablefromhttpwww.ccaa.com.auApril2010.ASHDEVELOPMENTASSOCIATIONOFAUSTRALIAADAAPOBox1194WollongongNSW2500AustraliaTelephone61242281389Fax61242281777Emailadaaadaa.asn.auWebwww.adaa.asn.au14.MehtaP.K.x1cGlobalConcreteIndustrySustainabilityToolsforMovingForwardtoCutCarbonEmissionsx1dAmericanConcreteInstituteConcreteInstenationalFebruary2009pp45-48.15.WilsonJ.L.andTagazaE.x1cGreenbuildingsinAustraliaDriversandBarriersx1dAustralianJournalofStructuralEngineeringVol.7No.1EngineersAustraliaR.E.MelchersEditor2006pp57-63.16.WangX.NguyenM.StewartM.G.SymeM.LeitchA.x1cAnalysisofClimateChangeImpactsontheDeteriorationofConcreteInfrastructurex13SynthesisReportx1dPublishedbyCSIROCanberra.ISBN97806431036412010.17.HeidrichC.I.Hinczaketal.2005.CasestudyCCPx19spotentialtolowerGreenhouseGasemissionsforAustralia.WorldofCoalAsh2005LexingtonKentuckyUSAAmericanCoalAshAssociationUniversityofKentucky.18.FlowerD.SanjayanJ.andBawejaD.x1cEnvironmentalImpactsofConcreteProductionandConstructionx1dProceedingsConcreteInstituteofAustraliaBiennialConferenceMelbourneAustralia2005.19.GreenBuildingCouncilofAustraliaGreenStarSpeci6cationMaterialsCategoryx1cMat-4-Concretex1dRevisedConcreteCreditAvailablefromwww.gbca.org.auMay2012.20.HeidrichC.HinczakI.andRyanB.x1cSCMx19spotentialtolowerAustraliax19sgreenhousegasemissionspro6le.x1dIronandSteelSlagProductsASigni6cantTimeofScarcityAustralasianSlagAssociationConferenceMarch2005paperspublishedonCDSydney.21.JenkinsD.BawejaD.andPortellaJ.x1cOptimisingBuildingDesignforSustainabilityUsingHighPerformanceConcretex1dProceedingsConcrete2011ConcreteInstituteofAustraliaBiennialConferenceBuildingaSustainableFuturePerthAustraliaOctober2011.22.JenkinsD.PortellaJ.andBawejaD.x1cOptimisingPrecastBridgeGirdersforSustainabilitywiththeuseofHighPerformanceConcretex1dAUSTROADS8thBridgeConferenceProceedingsVol.4ISBN9781921709814V.PonnampalamEAncichandHMadrioEditorsSydneyAustraliaNovember2011pp124-134.23.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAx1cPost-TensionedStructuralFlyAshConcretex1dFlyAshReferenceDataSheetNo.9Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.audocuments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